New research from Rice University and Texas Tech University warns about the dangers of automated driving. The study, “Driver Vigilance in Automated Vehicles: Effects of Demands on Hazard Detection Performance,” finds drivers often fail to spot hazards missed by automated vehicles, and it only gets worse the longer drivers ride in them.

The researchers examined the behavior of 60 licensed drivers operating an automated car in a simulator. Participants were told that due to the automation, they would not need to operate the steering wheel, brake pedal or accelerator pedal. They were instructed to monitor the roadway for vehicles that were stopped dangerously at intersections and intruding into the driver’s lane, which constituted a hazard that automated vehicles could not detect. Participants also had to distinguish between vehicles that were safely stopped and dangerously stopped at intersections.

The drivers’ accuracy dropped between 7 and 21 percent over the 40-minute simulation. Even in the first 10 minutes, the success rate was at best close to 88 percent, suggesting that all drivers missed at least some hazards.

Pat DeLucia, a professor of psychological sciences at Rice and the study’s co-author, said people get used to cars doing the driving and become complacent. Coupled with previous research that indicated people are terrible at monitoring for hazards that only happen every once in a while, and that over time their ability to respond decreases, the new study “suggests that this phenomenon of difficulty monitoring effectively over time extends to monitoring an automated car,” DeLucia said.

“The bottom line is, until automated driving systems are completely reliable and can respond in all situations, the driver must stay alert and be prepared to take over,” said Eric Greenlee, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at Texas Tech and the study’s lead author. “And this research clearly shows that is not happening, and gets worse as time passes.”

You can read the study here.